Jump to content

Foreign relations of Nigeria

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Not to be confused with Foreign relations of Niger.

Since independence, with Jaja Wachuku as the first Minister for Foreign Affairs and Commonwealth Relations, later called External Affairs, Nigerian foreign policy has been characterised by a focus on Africa as a regional power and by attachment to several fundamental principles: African unity and independence; capability to exercise hegemonic influence in the region: peaceful settlement of disputes; non-alignment and non-intentional interference in the internal affairs of other nations; and regional economic cooperation and development.[1] In carrying out these principles, Nigeria participates in the African Union, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the Non-Aligned Movement, the Commonwealth of Nations, and the United Nations.

Nigeria and the liberation of Africa

[edit]

Upon gaining independence in 1960, Nigeria quickly committed itself to improving the lives of the people of the country and harnessing the resources that remain vital to the economy of the country and her neighbours. By observing at what benefits and appropriate for the country, Nigeria became one of the founding members of the Organisation for African Unity (OAU), which later became the African Union.[citation needed] The Organisation for African Unity checks political stability of any African countries and encourages them to be holding regional meetings for the union. Nigeria backed the African National Congress (ANC) by taking a committed tough line with regard to the South African government and their military actions in southern Africa. [citation needed]Nigeria and Organisation for African Unity (OAU, now the African Union), has tremendous influence in West Africa nations and Africa on the whole. Nigeria has additionally founded regional cooperative efforts in West Africa, functioning as standard-bearer for ECOWAS and ECOMOG, economic and military organisations, respectively. [citation needed][2]

Similarly, when civil war broke out in Angola after the country gained independence from Portugal in 1975, Nigeria mobilised its diplomatic influence in Africa in support of the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA). That support helped tip the balance in their favour, which led to OAU recognition of the MPLA over the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola.[3]

Nigeria extended diplomatic support to another cause, Sam Nujoma's Southwest Africa People's Organization in Namibia, to stall the apartheid South African-installed government there. In 1977, the new General Olusegun Obasanjo's military regime donated $20 million to the Zimbabwean movement against the apartheid government of Rhodesia. Nigeria also sent military equipment to Mozambique to help the newly independent country suppress the South African-backed Mozambican National Resistance guerrillas. Nigeria also provided some military training at the Kaduna first mechanised army division and other material support to Joshua Nkomo and Robert Mugabe's guerrilla forces during the Zimbabwe War in 1979 against the white minority rule of Prime Minister Ian Douglas Smith, which was backed by the apartheid -government of South Africa. [citation needed]

Due to mismanagement of its economy and technology, Nigeria announced that it was launching a nuclear programme of "unlimited scope" of its own but failed. After the Nigerian Independence in 1960, Nigeria demonstrated its seriousness in improving the economy for the people and embarked on nationalizing some multi-national companies that traded with and broke the economic/trade embargo of the apartheid South African regime, the local operations of Barclays Bank was nationalised after that bank ignored the strong protests by the Nigeria populace.[citation needed]

Nigeria also nationalised the British Petroleum (BP) for supplying oil to South Africa. In 1982, the Alhaji Shehu Shagari government urged the visiting Pontiff Pope John Paul II to grant audience to the leaders of Southern Africa guerrilla organisations Oliver Tambo of the ANC and Sam Nujoma of SWAPO. In December 1983, the new Major General Muhammadu Buhari regime announced that Nigeria could no longer afford an apartheid government in Africa. however, Nigeria being the foremost black nation on Earth due to its population, Nigeria has great potential and will soon grow to be a force to reckon with on the global stage.[citation needed]

Nigeria and West Africa

[edit]

In pursuing the goal of regional economic cooperation and development, Nigeria helped create ECOWAS, which seeks to harmonise trade and investment practices for its 16 West African member countries, ultimately achieve a full customs union, and establish a single currency. Nigeria also has taken the lead in articulating the views of developing nations on the need for modification of the existing international economic order.[citation needed]

Nigeria has played a central role in the ECOWAS efforts to end the civil war in Liberia and contributed the bulk of the ECOWAS peacekeeping forces sent there in 1990. Nigeria also has provided the bulk of troops for ECOMOG forces in Sierra Leone.[citation needed]

Nigeria has enjoyed generally good relations with its immediate neighbours. Nigeria has actively played a leading role in West Africa, with enormous [2] military power, Nigeria has been perpetual in its aim of promoting peace and stability in Africa's most prosperous region for more than three decades.

Nigeria and International Organisations

[edit]

Nigeria is a member of the following organizations:

The Babangida regime joined the Organisation of the Islamic Conference (OIC, now the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation), though President Obasanjo has indicated he might reconsider Nigeria's membership.comments are being made for Nigeria to establish more bilateral relations.[4]

Diplomatic relations

[edit]

List of countries which Nigeria maintains diplomatic relations with:

# Country Date
1  Australia 1 October 1960[5][6]
2  Canada 1 October 1960[7]
3  Ethiopia 1 October 1960[8]
4  France 1 October 1960[9]
5  Germany 1 October 1960[10]
6  Ghana 1 October 1960[11]
7  India 1 October 1960[12][13]
8  Israel 1 October 1960[14]
9  Japan 1 October 1960[15]
10  Liberia 1 October 1960[16]
11  Norway 1 October 1960[17]
12  Russia 1 October 1960[18]
13  Sudan 1 October 1960[19]
14   Switzerland 1 October 1960[20]
15  United Kingdom 1 October 1960[21]
16  United States 1 October 1960[22]
17  Denmark October 1960[23]
18  Netherlands October 1960[24]
19  Ireland 14 November 1960[25]
20  Cameroon November 1960[26]
21  Morocco 1960[27]
22  Senegal 1960[28]
23  Belgium 4 February 1961[29]
24  Spain 10 February 1961[30]
25  Turkey 16 February 1961[31]
26  Pakistan 22 March 1961[32]
27  Serbia March 1961[33]
28  Sierra Leone 27 April 1961[34]
29  Niger 8 June 1961[35]
30  Ivory Coast 26 July 1961[36]
31  Brazil 16 August 1961[37]
32  Saudi Arabia 21 August 1961[38]
33  Guinea August 1961[39]
34  Iraq 6 September 1961[40]
35  Benin 12 September 1961[41]
36  Jordan 30 September 1961[42]
37  Sweden 3 October 1961[43]
38  Chile 5 October 1961[44]
39  Czech Republic 25 October 1961[45]
40  Tanzania 6 December 1961[46]
41  Egypt 1961[47]
42  Italy 1961[48]
43  Lebanon 11 March 1962[49]
44  Poland 30 May 1962[50]
45  Mali 1 August 1962[51]
46  Philippines 1 August 1962[52]
47  Chad 18 October 1962[53]
48  Thailand 1 November 1962[54]
49  Austria 21 December 1962[55]
50  Libya 1962[56][57]
51  Togo 1962[58]
52  Finland 18 January 1963[59]
53  Argentina 19 March 1963[60]
54  Uganda 6 September 1963[61]
55  Democratic Republic of the Congo 1963[62]
56  Bulgaria 10 March 1964[63]
57  Hungary 4 April 1964[64]
58  Kenya 28 May 1964[65]
59  Uruguay 20 February 1965[66]
60  Indonesia 5 March 1965[67]
61  Malaysia 5 March 1965[67]
62  Venezuela 16 March 1965[68]
63  Gambia 28 May 1965[69]
64  Syria 30 September 1965[70]
65  Zambia 1965[71]
66  Romania 12 November 1966[72]
67  Algeria 2 September 1968[73][74]
68  Equatorial Guinea 25 January 1969[75]
69  Malawi 29 November 1969[76]
70  Tunisia 15 January 1970[77]
71  Singapore 20 January 1970[78]
72  Myanmar 24 January 1970[79]
73  Kuwait 31 January 1970[80]
74  Sri Lanka January 1970[81]
75  Burkina Faso 19 February 1970[82]
76  Somalia March 1970[83]
77  Barbados 24 April 1970[84]
78  Jamaica 29 April 1970[85]
79  Bolivia 18 September 1970[86]
80  Central African Republic 6 October 1970[87]
81  Trinidad and Tobago 6 October 1970[88]
82  Iceland 3 November 1970[89]
83  Burundi 6 November 1970[90]
84  Cyprus 1970[91]
85  Greece 1970[92]
86  China 10 February 1971[93]
87  Madagascar 24 June 1971[94]
88  Peru 5 July 1971[95]
89  Mongolia 21 September 1971[96]
90  Lesotho November 1971[97]
91  Iran 5 May 1972[98]
92  Rwanda 10 June 1972[99][100]
93  Gabon 18 January 1973[101]
94  Albania 22 May 1973[102]
95  Eswatini 13 October 1973[103]
96  Malta 24 May 1974[104]
97  Cuba 1 July 1974[105]
98  Mozambique 25 June 1975[106]
99  Costa Rica 26 June 1975[107]
100  Portugal 10 July 1975[108]
—  Holy See 20 November 1975[109]
101    Nepal 20 December 1975[110]
102  Luxembourg 29 December 1975[111]
103  São Tomé and Príncipe 30 December 1975[112]
104  Bangladesh 3 January 1976[113]
105  Angola 15 March 1976[114]
106  Mexico 14 April 1976[115]
107  North Korea 25 May 1976[116]
108  Vietnam 25 May 1976[117]
109  Mauritius 16 June 1976[118]
110  Mauritania June 1976[119]
111  Guyana 2 August 1976[120]
112  Cape Verde 18 August 1976[121]
113  Seychelles 28 January 1977[122]
114  Haiti 28 January 1978[123]
115  Colombia 1 January 1979[124]
116  Yemen 12 May 1979[125]
117  Grenada June 1979[126]
118  Ecuador 10 December 1979[127]
119  South Korea 22 February 1980[128]
120  Suriname 3 June 1980[129]
121  Oman 18 January 1981[130]
122  United Arab Emirates 20 January 1982[131]
123  Zimbabwe January 1982[132]
124  Vanuatu 16 March 1982[133]
125  New Zealand 16 April 1982[134]
126  Belize 19 April 1982[135]
127  Papua New Guinea August 1982[136]
128  Bahamas 26 October 1982[137]
129  Comoros 5 November 1982[138]
130  Antigua and Barbuda 2 March 1983[139]
—  Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 11 November 1984[140]
131  Paraguay 27 May 1988[141]
132  Maldives 1 March 1989[142]
133  Djibouti 12 July 1989[143]
134  Namibia 28 March 1990[144]
135  Kazakhstan 16 December 1991[145]
136  Azerbaijan 11 March 1992[146]
137  Belarus 3 August 1992[147]
138  Moldova 7 August 1992[148]
139  Uzbekistan 28 August 1992[149]
140  Estonia 10 November 1992[150]
141  Brunei 1 December 1992[151]
142  Ukraine 10 December 1992[152]
143  Slovenia 19 December 1992[153]
144  Croatia 7 January 1993[154]
145  Armenia 4 February 1993[155]
146  Slovakia 1 September 1993[156]
147  Fiji 1993[157]
148  South Africa 21 February 1994[158]
149  Eritrea 1998[159]
150  Laos 10 June 1999[160]
151  Georgia June 2000[161]
152  Bosnia and Herzegovina 13 September 2000[162]
153  Lithuania 17 January 2001[163]
154  Panama 12 February 2001[142]
155  Latvia 30 March 2001[164]
156  Nicaragua 24 April 2001[165]
157  Cambodia 28 May 2001[166]
158  Dominican Republic 23 July 2001[167]
159  Guatemala December 2001[168]
160  Dominica 2002[169]
161  North Macedonia 24 April 2003[142]
162  East Timor 2004[170]
163  Qatar 2010[171]
164  Liechtenstein 28 October 2011[172]
165  Monaco 6 July 2012[173]
166  South Sudan 17 October 2012[174]
167  Afghanistan 16 April 2013[175]
168  Honduras 25 September 2013[176]
169  Bahrain 8 April 2014[177]
170  Republic of the Congo Unknown
171  Guinea-Bissau Unknown[178]
—  State of Palestine Unknown
172  Saint Kitts and Nevis Unknown
173  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Unknown[179]

Africa

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Algeria 2 September 1968 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 September 1968[73][180]
  • Algeria has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Algiers.
 Angola See Angola–Nigeria relations

Angolan-Nigerian relations are primarily based on their roles as oil exporting nations. Both are members of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, the African Union and other multilateral organizations.

The President of Nigeria, Muhammadu Buhari, sent a message to his Angolan counterpart, José Eduardo dos Santos, in which he manifested his interest in keeping and strengthening the excellent relations that exist between both countries, aiming at generating better benefits for the two peoples.

  • Angola has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Luanda.
 Benin 12 September 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 September 1961 when has been appointed Chargé d'Affaires of Dahomey to Nigeria Mr. Obed Pessou.[41]
  • Benin has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Cotonou.
 Burkina Faso 19 February 1970 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 February 1970 when Ambassador of Upper Volta to Nigeria (resident in Accra) Mr. Victor Kabore, presented his credentials.[82]
  • Burkina Faso has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Ouagadougou.
 Cameroon See Cameroon-Nigeria relations

A long-standing border dispute with Cameroon over the potentially oil-rich Bakassi Peninsula was resolved by a 2002 decision by the International Court of Justice which granted Cameroon ownership of the region and the 2006 signing of the Greentree Agreement which led to the withdrawal of Nigerian troops from Bakassi in 2008 and complete administrative control being taken over by Cameroon in August 2013.[181] Nigeria released about 150 Cameroonian prisoners of war in late 1998.

  • Cameroon has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Calabar.
  • Nigeria has a high commission in Yaoundé, a consulate-general in Douala and a consulate in Buea.
 Chad See Chad–Nigeria relations

Nigeria's 1983 economic austerity campaign produced strains with neighbouring states, including Chad. Nigeria expelled several hundred thousand foreign workers, mostly from its oil industry, which faced drastic cuts as a result of declining world oil prices. At least 30,000 of those expelled were Chadians. Despite these strains, however, Nigerians had assisted in the halting process of achieving stability in Chad, and both nations reaffirmed their intention to maintain close ties.

  • Chad has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate in Maiduguri.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in N'Djamena.
 Central African Republic 6 October 1970 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 October 1970.[87]
  • Central African Republic has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Bangui.
 Egypt
  • Egypt has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Cairo.
 Equatorial Guinea 25 January 1969 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 January 1969[75]
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Abuja and consulates in Calabar and Lagos.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Malabo and a consulate in Bata.
 Ethiopia
Main article: Ethiopia–Nigeria relations
  • Ethiopia has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Addis Ababa.
 Gabon 18 January 1973 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 January 1973[182]
  • Gabon has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Libreville.
 Gambia 28 May 1965[69]
  • Gambia has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Banjul.
 Ghana 1 October 1960 See Ghana–Nigeria relations

Ghana set up a commission in 1959 when Nigeria was still a dependent territory. This was elevated to High Commission status on the attainment of Nigeria's independence on 1 October 1960[183]

Ghana Nigerian relations have been both bitter and sweet. In 1969 numerous Nigerians were deported from Ghana. Relations in the 1970s were good. Ghana-Nigeria relations began on a sour note in the early period of PNDC rule. Tension rose immediately after the PNDC deposed Limann in 1981. In protest, Nigeria refused to continue much-needed oil supplies to Ghana. At the time, Ghana owed Nigeria about US$150 million for crude oil supplies and depended on Nigeria for about 90 percent of its petroleum needs. Nigeria's expulsion of more than 1 million Ghanaian immigrants in early 1983, when Ghana was facing severe drought and economic problems, and of another 300,000 in early 1985 on short notice, further strained relations between the two countries.[184]

In April 1988, a joint commission for cooperation was established between Ghana and Nigeria. A bloodless coup in August 1985 had brought Major General Ibrahim Babangida to power in Nigeria, and Rawlings took advantage of the change of administration to pay an official visit. The two leaders discussed a wide range of issues focusing on peace and prosperity within West Africa, bilateral trade, and the transition to democracy in both countries. In early January 1989, Babangida reciprocated with an official visit to Ghana, which the PNDC hailed as a watershed in Ghana-Nigeria relations.[184]

Subsequent setbacks that Babangida initiated in the democratic transition process in Nigeria clearly disappointed Accra. Nonetheless, the political crisis that followed Babangida's annulment of the results of the June 1993 Nigerian presidential election and Babangida's resignation from the army and presidency two months later did not significantly alter the existing close relations between Ghana and Nigeria, two of the most important members of ECOWAS and the Commonwealth of Nations. After the takeover in November 1993 by General Sani Abacha as the new Nigerian head of state, Ghana and Nigeria continued to consult on economic, political, and security issues affecting the two countries and West Africa as a whole. Between early August 1994 when Rawlings became ECOWAS chairman and the end of the following October, the Ghanaian president visited Nigeria three times to discuss the peace process in Liberia and measures to restore democracy in that country.[184]

Nigeria and Ghana today have a close relationship, and they collaborate on various issues. Ghana and Nigeria are both republics in the Commonwealth of Nations.

  • Ghana has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos.
  • Nigeria has a high commission in Accra.
  • Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations.
 Guinea
  • Guinea has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate in Lagos.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Conakry.
 Ivory Coast 26 July 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 July 1961.[36]
  • The Ivory Coast has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Abidjan.
 Kenya See Kenya–Nigeria relations
 Liberia 1 October 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when the Nigerian Government has agreed to Liberia's raising the status its consulate general in Lagos to that of an Embassy on the same date.[16]
  • Liberia has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Monrovia.
 Libya

Nigeria recalled its ambassador, Isa Aliyu Mohammed, to Libya on 18 March 2010.[185] The recall was in responses to a suggestion by Libyan leader, Colonel Muammar Gaddafi, that Nigeria should separate into a Muslim northern state and a Christian southern state. [186] Gaddafi had made the suggestion in light of recent violence between the rival religions in Nigeria which had resulted in hundreds of deaths.[186] In addition Gaddafi had praised the Partition of India, which resulted in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of people, as the kind of model that Nigeria should follow.[186]

The Nigerian foreign ministry stated that it was recalling Mohammed for "urgent negotiations" due to the "irresponsible utterances of Colonel Gaddafi".[186] The Nigerian National Assembly has requested that the government ask the United Nations to prohibit Gaddafi from calling for the division of Nigeria.[185] The National Assembly also passed a motion urging the government to order an African Union investigation into whether Libya was attempting to destabilise the country through "infiltrators".[187]

  • Libya has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Tripoli.
 Madagascar 24 June 1971 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 June 1971[94]
  • Madagascar is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  • Nigeria is accredited to Madagascar from its high commission in Maputo, Mozambique.
 Malawi 29 November 1969 See Malawi–Nigeria relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 November 1969.[188]

  • Malawi is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  • Nigeria has a high commission in Lilongwe.
 Mali 1 August 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1962[51]
  • Mali has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Bamako.
 Morocco
  • Morocco has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Rabat.
 Mozambique 25 June 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1975.[189]
  • Mozambique is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  • Nigeria has a high commission in Maputo.
 Namibia 28 March 1990 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 March 1990.[190]
  • Namibia has a high commission in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has a high commission in Windhoek.
 Niger 8 June 1961 See Niger–Nigeria relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 June 1961 when M. Elhad Camatte Hammodon Maiga, ambassador of Niger to Nigeria presented his letters of credentials to the Governor General Azikiwe[35]

Nigeria maintains close relations with the Republic of Niger, in part because both nations share a large Hausa minority on each side of their 1500 km border. Hausa language and cultural ties are strong, but there is little interest in a pan-Hausa state.[191] The two nations formed the Nigeria-Niger Joint Commission for Cooperation (NNJC), established in March, 1971 with its Permanent Secretariat in Niamey, Niger.[192]

  • Niger has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Kano.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Niamey.
 São Tomé and Príncipe 30 December 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 December 1975[193]
  • Nigeria has an embassy in São Tomé.
  • São Tomé and Príncipe has an embassy in Abuja.
 Senegal
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Dakar.
  • Senegal has an embassy in Abuja.
 Sierra Leone 27 April 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 April 1961 when was appointed first Nigerian High Commissioner to Sierra Leone Mr A.B. Oyediran[34]
  • Nigeria has a high commission in Freetown.
  • Sierra Leone has a high commission in Abuja.
 South Africa 21 February 1994 See Nigeria–South Africa relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 February 1994[194]

  • Nigeria has a high commission in Pretoria and a consulate-general in Johannesburg.
  • South Africa has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos.
  • Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations.
 Sudan 1 October 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when Nigeria have established an embassy in Khartoum.[19]
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Khartoum.
  • Sudan has an embassy in Abuja.
 Tanzania
  • Nigeria has a high commission in Dar-es-Salaam.
  • Tanzania has a high commission in Abuja.
 Togo
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Lomé.
  • Togo has an embassy in Abuja.
 Tunisia 15 January 1970 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 January 1970[77]
 Zimbabwe
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Harare.
  • Zimbabwe has an embassy in Abuja.

Americas

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Argentina 15 August 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 August 1961[195]
  • Argentina has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Buenos Aires.
 Barbados 24 April 1970 See Barbados–Nigeria relations
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 April 1970[196]
  • Nigeria is accredited to Barbados from its high commission in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago.
  • Currently the Barbadian Government does not have foreign accreditation for Nigeria, however the Nigerian Government has said that it was highly desirous of Barbados establishing an embassy directly to Nigeria.[197]

In 2006 the Governor Otunba Gbenga Daniel of the Nigerian state of Ogun announced that Barbadians would be given free land if they wished to move to Nigeria.[198] Nigeria has pushed for more investment from Barbadian companies and investors and then in 2008 for the establishment of direct flights between both nations.[199][200]

 Belize 19 April 1982
 Brazil 16 August 1961 See Brazil–Nigeria relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 August 1961[202]

Bilateral relations between Nigeria and Brazil focus primarily upon trade and culture, the largest country in Latin America by size, and the largest country in Africa by population are remotely bordered across from one another by the Atlantic Ocean. Brazil and Nigeria for centuries, have enjoyed a warmly friendly, and strong relationship on the bases of culture (seeing as many Afro-Brazilians trace their ancestry to Nigeria,) and commercial trade.

  • Brazil has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Brasília.
 Canada 1 October 1960
 Chile 5 October 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 October 1961[206]
  • Chile is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya.
  • Nigeria is accredited to Chile from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
 Colombia 1 January 1979 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 January 1979[207]
  • Colombia is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Accra, Ghana.
  • Nigeria is accredited to Colombia from its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela.
 Cuba 1 July 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 July 1974[208]
  • Cuba has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Havana.
 Ecuador 10 December 1979 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 December 1979[209]
  • Ecuador does not have an accreditation to Nigeria.
  • Nigeria is accredited to Ecuador from its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela.
 Guyana 27 June 1970
 Jamaica 29 April 1970 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 April 1970[211]
 Mexico 14 April 1976 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 April 1976[212]

See Mexico–Nigeria relations

 Trinidad and Tobago 6 October 1970 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 October 1970 when was accredited first High Commissioner of Nigeria ti Trinidad and Tobago Mr. Edwin Ogbu[88]
 United States 1 October 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960[215]

See Nigeria–United States relations

After the June 12, 1993, Nigerian presidential election was annulled, and in light of human rights abuses and the failure to embark on a meaningful democratic transition, the United States imposed numerous sanctions on Nigeria. These sanctions included the imposition of Section 212(f) of the Immigration and Nationality Act to refuse entry into the United States of senior government officials and others who formulated, implemented, or benefited from policies impeding Nigeria's transition to democracy; suspension of all military assistance; and a ban on the sale and repair of military goods and refinery services to Nigeria. The U.S. Ambassador was recalled for consultations for four months after the execution of the Ogoni Nine on November 10, 1995.

After a period of increasingly strained relations, the death of General Abacha in June 1998 and his replacement by General Abubakar opened a new phase of improved bilateral relations. As the transition to democracy progressed, the removal of visa restrictions, increased high-level visits of U.S. officials, discussions of future assistance, and the granting of a Vital National Interest Certification on counter-narcotics, effective in March 1999, paved the way for re-establishment of closer ties between the United States and Nigeria, as a key partner in the region and the continent. Since the inauguration of the democratically elected Obasanjo government, the bilateral relationship has continued to improve, and cooperation on many important foreign policy goals, such as regional peacekeeping, has been good.

The government has lent strong diplomatic support to the U.S. Government counter-terrorism efforts in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 attacks. The Government of Nigeria, in its official statements, has both condemned the terrorist attacks as well as supported military action against the Taliban and Al-Qaeda. Nigeria also has played a leading role in forging an anti-terrorism consensus among states in Sub-Saharan Africa.

As a member of the International Criminal Court Nigeria signed a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US military (as covered under Article 98). A comprehensive passage is updated.

  • Nigeria has an embassy in Washington, D.C., and consulates-general in Atlanta and New York City.[216]
  • United States has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos.[217]
  • Both countries were former colonies of Great Britain
 Uruguay 20 February 1965 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 February 1965[218]
  • Nigeria is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • Uruguay is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
 Venezuela 16 March 1965 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 March 1965[219]
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Caracas.
  • Venezuela has an embassy in Abuja.

Asia

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Armenia 4 February 1993

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 February 1993[220]

  • Armenia does not have an accreditation to Nigeria.
  • Nigeria is accredited to Armenia from its embassy in Tehran, Iran.
 Azerbaijan 11 March 1992 See Azerbaijan–Nigeria relations
  • Nigeria recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on March 11, 1992. Diplomatic relations were established between the two countries at that date[221]
  • Nigeria is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran.
 Bangladesh 3 January 1976 See Bangladesh–Nigeria relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 January 1976.[222]

Both nations are members of the Commonwealth, the OIC and the Developing 8 Countries, and are identified as Next Eleven economies.

  • Bangladesh has a high commission in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has a high commission in Dhaka.
 China 10 February 1971 See China–Nigeria relations

Nigeria and the People's Republic of China established formal diplomatic relations on February 10, 1971.[93] Relations between the two nations grew closer as a result of the international isolation and Western condemnation of Nigeria's military regimes (1970s-1998). Nigeria has since become an important source of oil and petroleum for China's rapidly growing economy and Nigeria is looking to China for help in achieving high economic growth; China has provided extensive economic, military and political support.[223][224] In 2004 and again in 2006, Chinese President Hu Jintao made state visits to Nigeria and addressed a joint session of the National Assembly of Nigeria. Both nations signed a memorandum of understanding on establishing a strategic partnership.[225] China has supported Nigeria's bid for a seat in the U.N. Security Council.[226] In July 2019, UN ambassadors of 37 countries, including Nigeria, have signed a joint letter to the UNHRC defending China's treatment of Uyghurs and other Muslim minority groups in the Xinjiang region.[227][228]

  • China has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Beijing and consulates-general in Hong Kong and Shanghai.
 India See India–Nigeria relations

The bilateral relations between the Republic of India and the Federal Republic of Nigeria have considerably expanded in recent years with both nations building strategic and commercial ties. Nigeria supplies 20% of India's crude oil needs and is India's largest trading partner in Africa.

  • India has a high commission in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has a high commission in New Delhi.
 Indonesia 5 March 1965 See Indonesia–Nigeria relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 March 1965[67]

  • Indonesia has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Jakarta.
 Iran 5 May 1972 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 May 1972[98]
  • Iran has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Tehran.
 Israel 1 October 1960 See Israel–Nigeria relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations with Nigerian independence, Israel's consulate-general became an embassy on 1 October 1960.[14] Between 1973 and 1992, diplomatic relations were severed. Since September 1992, bilateral relations are better.

  • Israel has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Tel Aviv.
 Japan See Japan-Nigeria relations
  • Japan has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Tokyo.
 Lebanon 8 January 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 January 1961, when Lebanese Consulate in Lagos was raised to Embassy level[229]
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Beirut.
 North Korea 1976 See Nigeria–North Korea relations
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Pyongyang which closed in 2021.[230]
  • North Korea has an embassy in Abuja
 Malaysia See Malaysia–Nigeria relations
  • Malaysia has a high commission in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has a high commission in Kuala Lumpur.
 Pakistan 22 March 1961 See Nigeria–Pakistan relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 March 1961[32]

Defence attachés from Pakistan and Russia visit the communications tent at the Nigerian Air Force Base, Abuja, Nigeria, on July 21, 2008, during Africa Endeavour 2008.

The two states have maintained a close relationship, a relationship which is described by the Nigerian Defence Minister as "friendly" and like a "family tie"[231]

  • Nigeria has a high commission in Islamabad.
  • Pakistan has a high commission in Abuja.
 Philippines 1 August 1962 See Nigeria–Philippines relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1962[232]

  • Nigeria has an embassy in Manila.
  • Philippines has an embassy in Abuja.
 Qatar
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Doha.
  • Qatar has an embassy in Abuja.
 Saudi Arabia
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Riyadh and a consulate-general in Jeddah.
  • Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Abuja.
 South Korea 22 January 1980

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 January 1980[233]

Visits from the Republic of Korea to Nigeria: 1982 August President Chun Doo-hwan 1994 May Special Envoy of the President Roh Young-chan 1999 May Special Envoy of the President Choi Kwang-soo 2002 September Minister of Construction and Transportation Lim In-taek as a Special Envoy of the President 2006 March President Roh Moo-hyun 2007 May Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs Kim Ho-young 2007 July Minister of Construction and Transportation Lee Yong-seob 2007 December 2 Vice Minister of Commerce Industry and Energy 2009 May CEO of Korea National Oil Cooperation 2010 September Former Prime Minister 2011 May Special Envoy of the President.[234]

  • Nigeria has an embassy in Seoul.
  • South Korea has an embassy in Abuja.
 Turkey 16 February 1961 See Nigeria–Turkey relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 February 1961 when Turkey Consulate General was upgraded to Embassy level with Mr. Özer Fuat Tevs as Chargé d'Affaires.[235]

 United Arab Emirates 20 January 1982 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 January 1982[131]
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Abuja.
 Vietnam 25 May 1976 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 May 1976[237]
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Hanoi.
  • Vietnam has an embassy in Abuja.

Europe

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Austria 21 December 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 December 1962 when first Austrian Ambassador to Nigeria took up his post and Austria opened its embassy in Lagos.[55]
  • Austria has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Vienna.
 Belgium 4 February 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 February 1961[29]
  • Belgium has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Brussels.
 Bulgaria
  • Bulgaria has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria is accredited to Bulgaria from its embassy in Bucharest, Romania.
 Czech Republic
  • Czech Republic has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Prague.
 Finland
  • Finland has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria is accredited to Finland from its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden.
 France 1 October 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960[238](Nigeria broken diplomatic relations with France 5 January 1961 - 26 October 1965)
  • France has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Paris.
 Germany 1 October 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960[10]

See Germany-Nigeria relations

 Greece See Greece-Nigeria relations

Greece established a diplomatic mission in Nigeria in 1970. Trade between the two countries is imbalanced, with imports from Greece to Nigeria exceeding exports. Greek-owned tankers have an important role in shipping Nigerian oil and natural gas, its main exports. Recently a Greek tanker was involved a dispute over crude oil smuggling.[239] There is a small Greek business community in Lagos.[240]

  • Greece has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Athens.
 Hungary
  • Hungary has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Budapest.
 Ireland
  • Ireland has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Dublin.
 Italy
  • Italy has an embassy in Nigeria and a consulate in Lagos.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Rome.
 Netherlands
  • Netherlands has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in The Hague.
 Poland 30 May 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 May 1962[241]

See Nigeria–Poland relations

  • Nigeria has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Abuja.
 Portugal 10 July 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 July 1975[242]
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy in Abuja.
 Romania
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Bucharest.
  • Romania has an embassy in Abuja.
 Russia See Nigeria–Russia relations
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Moscow.
  • Russia has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos.
 Spain 10 February 1961 See Nigeria–Spain relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 February 1961[243]

  • Nigeria has an embassy in Madrid.
  • Spain has an embassy in Abuja.
 Sweden 3 October 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 October 1961[244]
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Abuja.
 United Kingdom 1 October 1960

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when was accredited first High Commissioner of United Kingdom to Nigeria Mr. Anthony Henry Head[21]

Nigeria, formerly a colony, gained independence from Britain in 1960. Since independence, Nigeria has maintained favourable relations with the UK.[245]

  • Nigeria has a high commission in London.[246]
  • United Kingdom has a high commission in Abuja and a deputy high commission in Lagos and liaison offices in Kaduna and Port Harcourt.[247]

Oceania

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Australia
 New Zealand 16 April 1982 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 April 1982 when the first Nigerian High Commissioner in Canberra, Mr. Edward Sanu, presented his credentials to the Governor General of New Zealand[134]
  • New Zealand is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  • Nigeria is accredited to New Zealand from its high commission in Canberra, Australia.
  • Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations.

International disputes

[edit]

Delimitation of international boundaries in the vicinity of Lake Chad, the lack of which led to border incidents in the past, has been completed and awaits ratification by Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria; dispute with Cameroon over land and maritime boundaries around the Bakasi Peninsula is currently before the International Court of Justice; maritime boundary dispute with Equatorial Guinea because of disputed jurisdiction over oil-rich areas in the Gulf of Guinea.

Nigeria and the Commonwealth of Nations

[edit]

The Federation of Nigeria became independent from the United Kingdom in 1960 with Queen Elizabeth II as Queen of Nigeria. Nigeria became a republic in the Commonwealth of Nations in 1963, when the Governor-General of Nigeria, Nnamdi Azikiwe became the first President of Nigeria.

Nigeria was suspended from the Commonwealth of Nations from 1995 until 1999, when its full membership was restored.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Victor, Uzu. "Evolution of Nigeria foreign policy". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  2. ^ Adamu, Halima. "Nigeria's Role Since The Formation Of Africa Union: It's [sic] Leadership Status In Africa". Gusau International Journal of Management and Social Sciences, Federal University, Gusau.
  3. ^ AdminTO (2016-07-28). "Consolidating Nigeria-AU ties". Tribune Online. Retrieved 2024-05-03.
  4. ^ "OIC and the myth of islamisation in Nigeria". The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News. 2016-09-02. Retrieved 2024-05-03.
  5. ^ "The Federation of Nigeria - Relations with Australia". Current Notes on International Affairs. 32 (3). Department of External Affairs: 15. March 1961. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
  6. ^ "Nigeria in Australia" (PDF). The University of Western Australia. p. 3. Retrieved 3 December 2024.
  7. ^ Linwood, DeLong (January 2020). "A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019". Retrieved 26 June 2023.
  8. ^ "Ethiopia: Ethio-Nigeria Joint Ministerial Commission Meet to Be Held Here". allAfrica.com. 26 April 2006. Archived from the original on 1 May 2006. Retrieved 3 December 2024.
  9. ^ "Liste Chronologique des Ambassadeurs, Envoyés Extraordinaires, Ministres Plénipotentiaires et Chargés D'Affaires de France à L'Étranger Depuis 1945" (PDF). Diplomatie.gouv.fr (in French). Retrieved 15 December 2023.
  10. ^ a b "Nigeria: Steckbrief (Auswärtiges Amt Bundesrepublik Deutschland) (in German)". Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  11. ^ Dei-Anang, Michael (1975). The Administration of Ghana's Foreign Relations, 1957-1965 A Personal Memoir. University of London, The Athlone Press published for the Institute of Commonwealth Studies. p. 76.
  12. ^ "India Annual Reports 1960-61". p. 36. Retrieved 3 December 2024.
  13. ^ "List of Indian High Commissioners in Nigeria". High Commission of India in Abuja, Nigeria. Retrieved 3 December 2024.
  14. ^ a b Israel Government Year-book Volume 5722. Government Printer. 1961. p. 170.
  15. ^ "Countries & Regions". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
  16. ^ a b Daily Report Foreign Radio Broadcasts · Issues 181-185. United States. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1960. p. 6.
  17. ^ "Norges opprettelse af diplomatiske forbindelser med fremmede stater" (PDF). regjeringen.no (in Norwegian). 27 April 1999. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
  18. ^ Soviet Foreign Policy: 1945-1980. Progress Publishers. 1981. pp. 642–681.
  19. ^ a b Parliamentary Debates. Nigeria. House of Representatives. 1961. p. 433.
  20. ^ "Bilateral relations Switzerland–Nigeria". eda.admin.ch. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
  21. ^ a b The Commonwealth Relations Office Year Book Volume 13. Great Britain. Office of Commonwealth Relations. 1964. p. 507. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
  22. ^ "All Countries". Office of the Historian. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  23. ^ "Nigeria and Denmark have many shared values". Vanguard News. 19 December 2017.
  24. ^ Jaarboek van het Departement van Buitenlandse Zaken (in Dutch). Netherlands. Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken. 1960. p. 103.
  25. ^ Documents on Irish Foreign Policy: 1957-1961. Royal Irish Academy. 1998. p. 436.
  26. ^ Hilary V. Lukong (2011). The Cameroon-Nigeria Border Dispute Management and Resolution, 1981-2011. Langaa Research & Pub. CIG. p. 1. ISBN 9789956717590.
  27. ^ "The development of Moroccan-Nigerian relations affects the Polisario Front". Atalayar. 2 June 2023. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
  28. ^ "BILATERAL RELATIONS BETWEEN SENEGAL AND NIGERIA, 1960-1980: COOPERATION AND CONFLICTS". ProQuest. Retrieved 16 March 2024.
  29. ^ a b West Africa. West Africa Publishing Company, Limited. 1961. p. 131.
  30. ^ "Relaciones diplomáticas del Estado Espaniol" (in Spanish). p. 307. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  31. ^ "DIŞİŞLERİ BAKANLIĞI 1967 YILLIĞI" (PDF). diad.mfa.gov.tr (in Turkish). p. 866. Retrieved 6 July 2023.
  32. ^ a b "Africa". Ministry of Foreign Affairs Pakistan. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
  33. ^ Naše teme 5 (5-9) (in Croatian). Centar CK SKH za idejno-teorijski rad "Vladimir Bakarić.", Narodna omladina Hrvatske. Centralni komitet, Savez omladine Hrvatske. Centralni komitet, Socijalistički savez radnog naroda Hrvatske. Republička konferencija. 1961. p. 1110.
  34. ^ a b John Mamman Garba (1998). The Time Has Come ... Reminiscences and Reflections of a Nigerian Pioneer Diplomat. Spectrum Books. p. 220.
  35. ^ a b Europe, France outremer - Issues 371-381 (in French). 1960. p. 42.
  36. ^ a b "Relations Côte d'Ivoire-Nigéria- CEDEAO, Coup d'Etat au Niger : Kalilou Traoré (Ambassadeur de CI près la République Fédérale du Nigéria et la CEDEAO) déballe tout". KESSIYA (in French). 14 August 2023. Retrieved 16 August 2023.
  37. ^ "CRIA UMA EMBAIXADA DO BRASIL NA REPUBLICA DA NIGERIA. DECRETO Nº 51.198 DE 16 DE AGOSTO DE 1961". legislacao.presidencia.gov.br (in Portuguese). Retrieved 4 June 2023.
  38. ^ Yitzhak Oron (1961). Middle East Record Volume 2, 1961 Volume 2. Israel Oriental Society, The Reuven Shiloah Research Center. p. 430.
  39. ^ Africa Trade and Development Volumes 2-4. 1960. p. 15. August 1961 ... Nigeria and Guinea exchange ambassadors Mr. Camara Oumar Dinn is to be Ambas- sador to Nigeria on the recommendation of the President of Guinea, and Mr. Nathan- iel Adepayin Martins ...
  40. ^ Yitzhak Oron (1961). Middle East Record Volume 2, 1961 Volume 2. Israel Oriental Society, The Reuven Shiloah Research Center. p. 294. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
  41. ^ a b "Republique du Dahomey Decret du President de la Republique № 287". Secrétariat général du Gouvernement du Bénin (in French). Retrieved 3 September 2023.
  42. ^ Mideast Mirror. 1961. p. 24.
  43. ^ "1961 – 2021: Sweden marks 60 years of diplomatic relations with Nigeria (Embassy of Sweden Abuja, Nigeria)". Archived from the original on April 14, 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  44. ^ "Reseña histórica de la presencia chilena en África" (in Spanish). p. 6. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  45. ^ Petruf, Pavol. Československá zahraničná politika 1945 – 1992 (in Slovak). pp. 99–119.
  46. ^ "Sixtieth Anniversary: Tanzania, Nigeria pray for closer ties, security". Peoples Gazette Nigeria. 6 December 2021. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
  47. ^ "Egypt and Nigeria" (PDF). Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
  48. ^ "Nigeria, Our Strategic Partner for Development, Says Italian Ambassador". THISDAYLIVE. 6 June 2016. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  49. ^ Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts, Issues 50-51. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. 1962. p. 7.
  50. ^ "Nigeria" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  51. ^ a b Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts - Issues 150-151 - Page 2. United States. Central Intelligence Agency · 1962. 1962.
  52. ^ "The Republic of the Philippines and the Federal Republic of Nigeria celebrate 58 years of formal diplomatic relations today, August 1!". 1 August 2020. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
  53. ^ Afrique, 8 (10–13) (in French). Societʹe Internationale de Publications Commerciales, Culturelles et Artistiques. 1962. p. 44.
  54. ^ "สหพันธ์สาธารณรัฐไนจีเรีย (Nigeria) (MFA Thailand in Thai)".
  55. ^ a b Mitteilungen des Österreichischen Staatsarchivs Volume 51 (in German). Österreichisches Staatsarchiv. 2004. p. 44.
  56. ^ Handbook of Commerce and Industry in Nigeria Volume 5. Nigeria. Federal Ministry of Information. 1962. p. 209.
  57. ^ S. Steinberg (December 27, 2016). The Statesman's Year-Book 1962. Palgrave Macmillan UK. p. 1207.
  58. ^ Handbook of Commerce and Industry in Nigeria Volume 5. Nigeria. Federal Ministry of Information. 1962. p. 41.
  59. ^ "Finland and Nigeria". Finland Abroad. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
  60. ^ "Biblioteca Digital de Tratados" (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  61. ^ Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts Issues 175-176. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. 1963. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
  62. ^ "Nigeria embassy in Democratic Republic of Congo". Retrieved 17 March 2024.
  63. ^ "Установяване, прекъсване u възстановяване на дипломатическите отношения на България (1878-2005)" (in Bulgarian).
  64. ^ Diplomaták a változó világban Főkonzulok, követek és nagykövetek 1945-1990 (in Hungarian). Lajos Gecsényi. 2015.
  65. ^ Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts Issues 105-106. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. 1964. p. 7.
  66. ^ "La Política Exterior de Uruguay hacia los países africanos durante los gobiernos del Frente Amplio (2005-2017): ¿construcción de nuevas relaciones Sur-Sur?" (PDF). Ciencias Sociales (in Spanish): 225. 2019.
  67. ^ a b c Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1965. p. 265.
  68. ^ Libro amarillo correspondiente al año ...: presentado al Congreso Nacional en sus sesiones ordinarias de ... por el titular despacho (in Spanish). Venezuela. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. 2003. pp. 528–529.
  69. ^ a b Diplomatic List. Gambia Government Printer. 1967. p. 1.
  70. ^ Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1965. p. 371.
  71. ^ Douglas G Anglin (2021). Zambia's Foreign Policy Studies In Diplomacy And Dependence. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-000-01075-6.
  72. ^ "Diplomatic Relations of Romania". Ministerul Afacerilor Externe. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  73. ^ a b Middle East Economic Digest - Volume 12 - Page 860. Middle East Economic Digest, Limited. 1968.
  74. ^ Pr. Borsali Fewzi. "Culture du dialogue : Algérie –Afrique sub-saharienne 1962-1988" (in French). p. 34. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
  75. ^ a b Africa Report - Volume 14 - Page 31. African-American Institute. 1969.
  76. ^ Elna Schoeman, Jacqueline Kalley, L. E. Andor (1999). Southern African Political History A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 171.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  77. ^ a b Record of the Arab World: Yearbook of Arab and Israeli Politics. Research and Publishing House. 1970. p. 543.
  78. ^ "Diplomatic & consular list". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Singapore. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
  79. ^ "Diplomatic relations". Archived from the original on 12 July 2023. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
  80. ^ ARR Arab Report and Record. Economic Features, Limited. 1970. p. 63.
  81. ^ "Diplomatic relations". Retrieved 10 July 2022.
  82. ^ a b Bulletin de l'Afrique noire - Issues 581-605 (in French). Ediafric. 1970.
  83. ^ "Ежегодник Большой Советской Энциклопедии. 1971. Выпуск пятнадцатый. Зарубежные страны" (PDF) (in Russian). p. 375. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 June 2023. Retrieved 2 March 2024. Установлены дипломатические отношения с Нигерией (март).
  84. ^ "LIST OF COUNTRIES WITH WHICH BARBADOS HAS DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BY REGIONS". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade (Barbados). Archived from the original on 13 August 2017. Retrieved 25 March 2021.
  85. ^ "Countries with which Jamaica has Established Diplomatic Relations". 16 April 2021. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  86. ^ Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1970. p. 1883.
  87. ^ a b Nigeria, Bulletin on Foreign Affairs Volume 1. Nigerian Institute of International Affairs. 1971. p. 5.
  88. ^ a b Trinidad and Tobago Gazette Volume 12, Issues 1-172. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1973. p. 175.
  89. ^ "Iceland - Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Government of Iceland. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
  90. ^ Jeune Afrique - Issues 504-521 (in French). Société africaine de presse. 1970. p. 9.
  91. ^ Cyprus Bulletin: Review of Cyprus Developments, 7. Press and Information Office, Republic of Cyprus. 1970.
  92. ^ "HOPE FOR ENHANCED NIGERIA, GREECE MARITIME TRADE TIES". Harnessing Nigeria's Maritime Assets. 8 December 2021. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
  93. ^ a b "Five Decades of Shared Journey--On the 50th anniversary of China-Nigeria diplomatic relations (Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the Federal Republic of Nigeria)". Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  94. ^ a b Africa. Agence France Presse. 1971. p. 12.
  95. ^ "Acuerdo sobre establecimiento de relaciones diplomaticas entre la Republica del Peru y la Republica General de Nigeria". Archivo Nacional de Tratados (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  96. ^ "Diplomatic and Consular List" (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia. March 2020. pp. 4–8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 February 2022. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  97. ^ Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999. p. 122.
  98. ^ a b News Review on West Asia. Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses. 1972. p. 12.
  99. ^ Nigeria : Bulletin on Foreign Affairs, Volume 2. Nigerian Institute of International Affairs. 1972. p. 5.
  100. ^ Nigeria Today. Office of the High Commissioner for Nigeria in the United Kingdom. 1972. p. 11.
  101. ^ Translations on Sub-Saharan Africa, Issues 1254-1264. United States. Joint Publications Research Service. 1973. p. 56.
  102. ^ Daily Report: Eastern Europe. The Service. 1973. p. 10.
  103. ^ D.G. Lavroff (1973). L'Afrique dans le monde (in French). Editions A. Pedone. p. 663. 13 octobre. — Etablissement de relations diplomatiques entre le Swaziland et le Nigeria.
  104. ^ Summary of World Broadcasts: Non-Arab Africa, Issues 4565-4638. British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service. 1974. p. 5.
  105. ^ "Memoria anual 2015" (PDF) (in Spanish). 2015. pp. 19–25. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 May 2019.
  106. ^ Southern African Political History A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997. Greenwood Press. 1999. p. 215.
  107. ^ "En esta fecha se cumplen 46 años de relaciones diplomáticas con la República de Nigeria". Facebook (in Spanish). 26 June 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2023.
  108. ^ "Países" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2 July 2022.
  109. ^ "Diplomatic relations of the Holy See". Retrieved 5 September 2022.
  110. ^ "Bilateral Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Nepal. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
  111. ^ "Bulletin de documentation_1975_12" (PDF). sip.gouvernement.lu (in French). p. 14. Retrieved 23 May 2023.
  112. ^ Nigeria: Bulletin on Foreign Affairs, Volume 5. Nigerian Institute of International Affairs. 1975. pp. Page 7.
  113. ^ Asian Almanac - Volume 14. V.T. Sambandan. 1976. p. 7841.
  114. ^ "Relações Diplomáticas". mirex.gov.ao (in Portuguese). Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  115. ^ Informe de labores - Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores (in Spanish). Mexico. Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores. 1976. pp. 26 and 36–37.
  116. ^ "DPRK Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). NCNK. 2016. pp. 8–9. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
  117. ^ "Africa". April 2010. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
  118. ^ Translations on Sub-Saharan Africa Issues 1671-1683. United States. Joint Publications Research Service · 1976. 1976. p. 46.
  119. ^ "Ежегодник Большой Советской Энциклопедии. 1977. Выпуск двадцать первый. Часть II - Зарубежные страны: Люксембург-Япония" (PDF) (in Russian). p. 311. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 June 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
  120. ^ "Diplomatic relations". Archived from the original on 16 February 2019. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  121. ^ Muzart-Fonseca dos Santos, Idelette; Manuel Da Costa Esteves, José; Rolland, Denis (2007). Les îles du Cap-Vert: langues, mémoires, histoire (in French). L'Harmattan. pp. 239–240.
  122. ^ "Nigeria open to potential cooperation in oil industry". 18 August 2004. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  123. ^ Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1978. p. 4766.
  124. ^ "África, Medio Oriente y Asia Central" (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 June 2023.
  125. ^ MEED Arab Report. Middle East Economic Digest Limited. 1979. p. 33.
  126. ^ "Ежегодник Большой Советской Энциклопедии. 1980. Выпуск двадцать четвертый: Зарубежные страны" (PDF) (in Russian). p. 238. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 June 2023. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  127. ^ "Ecuador y Nigeria impulsan relaciones diplomáticas". Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  128. ^ "Countries & Regions". Retrieved 24 May 2023.
  129. ^ "Lijst van Diplomatieke Betrekkingen en Visum-afschaffingsovereenkomsten" (PDF). gov.sr (in Dutch). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
  130. ^ Joseph A. Kechichian. "Countries with which Oman has diplomatic relations" (PDF). Oman and the World The emergence of an independent foreign policy. pp. 319–322. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 October 2014. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  131. ^ a b Le Mois en Afrique Issues 194-202 (in French). 1982. p. 168.
  132. ^ Richard, Schwartz (2001). Coming to terms : Zimbabwe in the international arena. London; New York : I.B. Tauris. pp. 85–89.
  133. ^ "Vanuatu Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). mfaicet.gov.vu. p. 49. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 September 2024. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
  134. ^ a b New Zealand Foreign Affairs Review Volume 32. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 1982. p. 31.
  135. ^ "Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 December 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
  136. ^ Hiri - Issue 2; Issues 4-8. Papua New Guinea Office of Information. 1982. p. 3.
  137. ^ Latin America Report No. 2610. United States Joint Publications Research Service. 1982. p. 4. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  138. ^ Summary of World Broadcasts: Non-Arab Africa, Issues 7171-7218. British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service. 1982. pp. Page 8.
  139. ^ Latin America Report, 2655. [Executive Office of the President], Federal Broadcast Information Service, Joint Publications Research Service. 1983. p. 31.
  140. ^ "Foreign Affairs Minister congratulates his Nigerian counterpart". Sahara Press Service. 2015-11-20. Archived from the original on 2016-02-01. Retrieved 2016-01-26.
  141. ^ "Canciller firma primer acuerdo con Nigeria". 19 August 2003. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  142. ^ a b c "Diplomatic relations between Nigeria and ..." United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
  143. ^ "Etat des relations". Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres et de la Cooperation Internationale Djibouti (in French). Archived from the original on 18 August 2013. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
  144. ^ Mushelenga, Samuel Abraham Peyavali (2008). "Foreign policy-making in Namibia : the dynamics of the smallness of a state" (PDF). pp. 254–259.
  145. ^ "Страны, установившие дипломатические отношения с Республикой Казахстан" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 20 February 2020. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  146. ^ "The Federal Republic of Nigeria". Republic of Azerbaijan Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
  147. ^ "Belarus, Nigeria discuss legal framework of bilateral relations". Belarus.by. 7 February 2018. Archived from the original on 29 July 2021. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
  148. ^ "Republica Federală Nigeria" (in Romanian). Retrieved 7 October 2024.
  149. ^ "STATES WITH WHICH THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS". Retrieved 15 June 2023.
  150. ^ "Diplomaatiliste suhete (taas)kehtestamise kronoloogia" (in Estonian). 30 January 2018. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
  151. ^ Brunei Darussalam Newsletter - Issues 72-132. Department of Information, Prime Minister's Office. 1991.
  152. ^ "Partnership". Embassy of Ukraine in the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
  153. ^ Đogić, Mojca Pristavec (September 2016). "Priznanja samostojne Slovenije" (PDF) (in Slovenian). Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  154. ^ "Bilateral relations - Date of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Croatia. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  155. ^ "Nigeria - Bilateral Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
  156. ^ "Štáty a teritóriá" (in Slovak). Retrieved 26 May 2023.
  157. ^ Seven Years of IBB: Foreign policy. Daily Times of Nigeria PLC. 1993. p. 53.
  158. ^ "Bilateral Relations (country profiles listed alphabetically)". Retrieved 23 November 2022.
  159. ^ "Nigerian president visiting". 8 October 2002.
  160. ^ "Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Laos. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  161. ^ "Bilateral relations". Archived from the original on 19 June 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  162. ^ "Datumi priznanja i uspostave diplomatskih odnosa". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina (in Bosnian). 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
  163. ^ "List of countries with which Lithuania has established diplomatic relations". Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  164. ^ "Dates of establishment and renewal of diplomatic relations". mfa.gov.lv. 1 July 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2022.
  165. ^ "Memoria del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores 2002" (PDF) (in Spanish). 2004. pp. 657–667. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
  166. ^ "LIST OF MEMBER STATES OF THE UNITED NATIONS (193) HAVING DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH CAMBODIA". mfaic.gov.kh. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  167. ^ "ESTABLECIMIENTO DE RELACIONES DIPLOMÁTICAS" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 4 October 2017. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
  168. ^ "Relaciones Diplomáticas de Guatemala" (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 July 2021.
  169. ^ "Dominica's Diplomatic Relations.doc". Permanent Mission of the Commonwealth of Dominica to the United Nations. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 19 February 2011.
  170. ^ "PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC RECEIVES CREDENTIAL LETTERS FROM FOUR NEW AMBASSADORS". Facebook. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 26 December 2021.
  171. ^ "Qatar-Nigeria relations are strengthening". 11 February 2019. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
  172. ^ "Drei Botschafter wurden akkreditiert". Liechtensteiner Volksblatt (in German). 29 October 2011. Retrieved 11 December 2024.
  173. ^ "Rapport Politique Extérieure 2012 DRE" (PDF). Government of Monaco (in French). p. 8. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
  174. ^ "[SouthSudanInfo] GoSS website : latest..." www.mail-archive.com.
  175. ^ "President Karzai Receives Credential Letter of Nigeria's Non-Residence Ambassador". 16 April 2013. Archived from the original on 19 April 2013.
  176. ^ "Gobierno de Honduras firmo tratado en la Onu sobre comercio de armas". La Prensa (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 September 2023.
  177. ^ "Minister of State for Foreign Affairs receives credentials copy of the Nigerian Ambassador". 8 April 2014. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  178. ^ "Corpo diplomático" (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 5 July 2023. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
  179. ^ "Bridging Continents: Shared Vision Paves the Way for Promising Tourism Opportunities Between Nigeria and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines". kitigbeonline.org. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
  180. ^ Pr. Borsali Fewzi. "Culture du dialogue : Algérie –Afrique sub-saharienne 1962-1988" (in French). p. 34. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
  181. ^ Library of Congress, Cameroon; Nigeria: Bakassi Peninsula Transition Completed, Aug 13 2013, https://www.loc.gov/lawweb/servlet/lloc_news?disp3_l205403677_text
  182. ^ Translations on Sub-Saharan Africa, Issues 1254-1264. United States. Joint Publications Research Service. 1973. p. 56.
  183. ^ Dei-Anang, Michael (1975). The Administration of Ghana's Foreign Relations, 1957-1965 A Personal Memoir. University of London, The Athlone Press published for the Institute of Commonwealth Studies. p. 76.
  184. ^ a b c Owusu, Maxwell. "Nigeria". A Country Study: Ghana (La Verle Berry, editor). Library of Congress Federal Research Division (November 1994). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.[1]
  185. ^ a b "Nigeria reacts over Ghaddafi's outbursts, recalls Ambassador to Libya". Xinhua. 19 March 2010. Archived from the original on March 23, 2010. Retrieved 19 March 2010.
  186. ^ a b c d "Nigeria recalls Libya ambassador in Gaddafi row". BBC News. 18 March 2010. Retrieved 19 March 2010.
  187. ^ "Gaddafi comment sparks diplomatic row with Nigeria". Reuters. 19 March 2010. Retrieved 19 March 2010.
  188. ^ Elna Schoeman, Jacqueline Kalley, L. E. Andor (1999). Southern African Political History A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 171.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  189. ^ Southern African Political History A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997. Greenwood Press. 1999. p. 215.
  190. ^ Samuel Abraham, Peyavali Mushelenga (November 2008). "Foreign policy-making in Namibia : the dynamics of the smallness of a state" (PDF). p. 255. Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  191. ^ William F. S. Miles. Development, not division: local versus external perceptions of the Niger-Nigeria boundary. The Journal of Modern African Studies (2005), 43:2:297-320
  192. ^ INTEGRATED ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT IN SHARED CATCHMENTS BETWEEN NIGERIA AND NIGER Archived 2018-04-21 at the Wayback Machine EGEF Council Documents, MFA Regional Annex, 2006.
  193. ^ Nigeria, Bulletin on Foreign Affairs - Volume 5 - Page 7. Nigerian Institute of International Affairs. 1975.
  194. ^ "Bilateral Relations (country profiles listed alphabetically)". dirco.gov.za. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  195. ^ "Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores Argentina" (PDF). aldiaargentina.microjuris.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  196. ^ "LIST OF COUNTRIES WITH WHICH BARBADOS HAS DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BY REGIONS". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade (Barbados). Archived from the original on 13 August 2017. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
  197. ^ "Closer ties with Nigeria". The Caribbean Broadcasting Corporation (CBC). Archived from the original on 2016-06-23. Retrieved 2009-04-08.
  198. ^ Moore, Tracy (2006-09-15). "Free land for Bajans". Nation Newspaper. Archived from the original on 2006-10-23. Retrieved 2009-09-15.
  199. ^ "Nigeria wants direct flights to Barbados". The Caribbean Broadcasting Corporation (CBC). Archived from the original on 2016-03-10. Retrieved 2009-04-08.
  200. ^ "Nigerian cooperation". The Caribbean Broadcasting Corporation (CBC). Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2009-04-08.
  201. ^ "Photo" (PDF). www.mfa.gov.bz. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-12-30. Retrieved 2019-10-19.
  202. ^ ""CRIA UMA EMBAIXADA DO BRASIL NA REPUBLICA DA NIGERIA. DECRETO Nº 51.198 DE 16 DE AGOSTO DE 1961"". legislacao.presidencia.gov.br (in Portuguese). Retrieved 12 June 2023.
  203. ^ "A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019". Canadian Global Affairs Institute. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
  204. ^ "Canadian high commission in Abuja". 18 August 2021.
  205. ^ "ドッグフードを食べない時の対処法". www.nigeriahcottawa.com.
  206. ^ "Reseña histórica de la presencia chilena en África" (in Spanish). p. 6. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
  207. ^ "Otros Países". cancilleria.gov.co (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 June 2023.
  208. ^ "Cuba y Nigeria establecieron relaciones diplomáticas el 1ro de julio de 1974". Cancillería de Cuba (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 June 2023.
  209. ^ "Ecuador y Nigeria impulsan relaciones diplomáticas". cancilleria.gob.ec (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 June 2023.
  210. ^ "Countries with which Guyana has Establishment Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
  211. ^ "Countries with which Jamaica has Established Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
  212. ^ "About us (EMBASSY OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA, MEXICO)". Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  213. ^ "Embassy of Mexico in Abuja (in English, French and Spanish)".
  214. ^ "Home | Embassy of the Federal Republic of Nigeria in Mexico". nigerianembmexico.
  215. ^ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Nigeria (Department of States USA)". Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  216. ^ "Embassy of the Federal Republic of Nigeria - Home". www.nigeriaembassyusa.org.
  217. ^ "Embassy of the United States in Abuja". Archived from the original on 2015-02-26. Retrieved 2019-10-20.
  218. ^ "La Política Exterior de Uruguay hacia los países africanos durante los gobiernos del Frente Amplio (2005-2017): construcción de nuevas relaciones Sur-Sur?" (PDF). colibri.udelar.edu.uy (in Spanish). p. 235/296. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
  219. ^ "56 años del establecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas con Republica Federal de Nigeria 16 de marzo de 1965". Cancillería Venezuela (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 June 2023.
  220. ^ "Bilateral Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
  221. ^ "The Federal Republic of Nigeria". Republic of Azerbaijan Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
  222. ^ Asian Almanac Volume 14. V.T. Sambandan. 1976. p. 7841.
  223. ^ "Nigeria gets $1bn China rail loan". BBC News. 2006-05-22. Retrieved 2008-06-21.
  224. ^ "China and Nigeria agree oil deal". BBC News. 2006-04-26. Retrieved 2008-06-21.
  225. ^ Taylor, Ian (May 2007). "Sino-Nigerian Relations: FTZs, Textiles and Oil". China Brief - Jamestown Foundation. 7 (11). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved 2008-06-22.
  226. ^ "China launches satellite for Nigeria". OnlineNigeria.com. 2004-10-28. Archived from the original on 2006-06-30. Retrieved 2008-06-21.
  227. ^ "Which Countries Are For or Against China's Xinjiang Policies?". The Diplomat. 15 July 2019.
  228. ^ "Saudi Arabia and Russia among 37 states backing China's Xinjiang policy". Reuters. 12 July 2019.
  229. ^ Middle East Record Volume 2, 1961 - Volume 2 - Page 415. Israel Oriental Society, The Reuven Shiloah Research Center. 1961.
  230. ^ "Embassies of 12 countries closed in North Korea amid shortage of goods". 1 April 2021.
  231. ^ "AllAfrica.com: Nigeria: Minister Hails Nigeria-Pakistan Ties". Archived from the original on 2012-10-08. Retrieved 2009-07-05.
  232. ^ "The Republic of the Philippines and the Federal Republic of Nigeria celebrate 59 years of formal diplomatic relations today, August 1!". DFA Philippines. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
  233. ^ "Overview". Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Korea. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
  234. ^ "Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea-Middle East and Africa". Archived from the original on 2015-09-04. Retrieved 2015-06-28.
  235. ^ "DIŞİŞLERİ BAKANLIĞI 1967 YILLIĞI" (PDF). diad.mfa.gov.tr (in Turkish). p. 866. Retrieved 6 July 2023.
  236. ^ a b c d "Relations between Turkey and Nigeria".
  237. ^ "List of countries which maintains diplomatic relations with the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (as April 2010)". mofa.gov.vn. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
  238. ^ "Liste chronologique des ambassadeurs, envoyes extraordinaires, ministres plenipotentiaires et charges d'affaires de France a etranger depuis 1945" (PDF). diplomatie.gouv.fr (in French). p. 84. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
  239. ^ "Row over tanker held in Nigeria". BBC News. 2008-11-30. Retrieved 2009-04-25.
  240. ^ "Nigeria". Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2009-04-22.
  241. ^ "Poland in Nigeria (Website of the Republic of Poland)". Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  242. ^ "Nigéria". portaldiplomatico.mne.gov.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 11 June 2023.
  243. ^ "Relaciones diplomáticas del Estado Espaniol" (in Spanish). p. 307. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
  244. ^ "1961 – 2021: Sweden marks 60 years of diplomatic relations with Nigeria (Embassy of Sweden Abuja, Nigeria)". Archived from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  245. ^ "Nigeria: Facts and figures". April 17, 2007 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
  246. ^ "Nigeria High Commission". www.nigeriahc.org.uk.
  247. ^ "British High Commission Abuja - GOV.UK". www.gov.uk.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to International relations of Nigeria.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Nigeria&oldid=1265582257"